Use of Creatine and Androstenedione to Enhance Athletic Performance

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Barnes CL and Kushner JM Collegiate and professional athletes report widespread use of dietary supplements creatine and androstenedione, which are believed to improve muscle strength and energy stores in the body, thus enhancing athletic performance. Creatine Creatine occurs naturally in the body, produced by the kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Creatine increases energy stores by providing the molecule that is necessary to produce ATP, which releases energy to the body. Creatine also increases muscle size by drawing water into the muscle. By augmenting the natural supply of creatine by taking supplements, some athletes seem to improve both the appearance (size) and performance of the muscle. Trials showing benefits are inconsistent. Side Effects The long-term effects of creatine supplementation are unknown. However, there have been anecdotal reports of minor side effects, including nausea, muscle fatigue, pain, and cramping. The pervasiveness of creatine supplementation among athletes calls for long-term clinical studies on its effectiveness and side effects. Androstenedione Androstenedione is an agent that behaves much like anabolic steroids and is used to increase production of testosterone. Androstenedione also occurs naturally in the body, produced by the gonads and adrenal glands. By using androstenedione supplementation, athletes may elevate their testosterone levels and increase muscle size and strength. Side Effects Studies are inconclusive both to the efficacy and safety of androstenedione supplementation. Researchers conjecture that the adverse effects resemble those of anabolic steroid use, which include decreased sperm production, testicular atrophy, heightened risk of heart disease, behavioral changes, and increased risk of cancer. Role of Pharmacists Further study is required to assess the benefits and side effects of these dietary supplements. However, pharmacists should investigate the existing scientific literature associated with these agents and learn as much as possible about potential drug interactions and side effects in order to caution people who use these products. For more information, refer to: U.S. Pharmacist 2001;26:08. Return to Top